The overall goal of my laboratory is to understand the regulatory mechanism how the retinal and choroidal blood vessels communicate with the retinal neuroglia to preserve the vision. Our research has focused on the organotypic molecular transport through the endothelial cells at the ultrastructural level, especially in the choroid. We also investigate how the perivascular cells regulates the trans-endothelial communications. Our research has been dedicated to bi-directional translational approach between the vascular biology and the retinal diseases. We aim to translate these basic insights into the development of novel therapeutics for the vision-threatening diseases including age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy.